Ejaz H. Abbasi

Solutions The main topics of chapter-9 relevant to tests are: Concentration units of solutions, types of solutions, ideal & non-ideal solutions, Raoult’s law, zeotropic & azeotropic mixtures, solubility & solubility curves, colligative properties of solutions, energetics of solutions, hydration and…

Chemical Equilibrium The topics relevant to the tests are: Law of mass action, equilibrium constant, Le-Chatelier’s principle, ionic product of water, dissociation constant of acids and bases, pH & pOH, buffer & buffer capacity and solubility product. The exam value…

Thermochemistry The main topics relevant to the tests are: Endo- & exothermic reactions, spontaneous and non- spontaneous reactions, internal energy, state and state functions, first law of thermodynamics, enthalpy and enthalpy changes, calorimeters, Hess’s law & Born-Haber cycle. This chapter…

Chemical Bonding The main topics concerning the tests are: Energetics of bond formation, atomic sizes, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, ionic bond, covalent bond, co-ordinate covalent bond, modern theories of covalent bonds like VSEPR theory, valence bond theory & hybridization…

Atomic Structure The tests related articles of the chapter are: Sub-atomic particles (discovery and properties of electrons, protons & neutrons), Rutherford’s atomic model, Planks quantum theory, Bohr’s atomic model, spectrum, X-rays, dual nature of matter, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, quantum numbers,…

Liquids & Solids The important topics of chapter-4, concerning the tests below are: Intermolecular forces (dipole-dipole forces, dipole-induced dipole forces, London dispersion forces, hydrogen bonding, evaporation & vapour pressure, boiling point, liquid crystals, amorphous solids, crystalline solids & their properties…

Gases Main topics of the chapter related to the tests are: States of Matter, Gas Laws, Absolute Zero, General Gas Equation, Avogadro’s Law, Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures, Diffusion and Effusion, Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases, Kinetic Interpretation of Temperature,…

Experimental Techniques in Chemistry The topics of the chapter concerning the tests are: Filtration, Crystallization, Sublimation, Solvent Extraction and Chromatography. Board paper worth of this chapter is 5 marks; 1 MCQ for 1 mark & 2 SQs for 4 marks.…

Basic Concepts The main topics of this chapter concerning the tests are: Atom, Molecule, Ions, Relative Atomic Mass, Isotopes & Isotopy, Relative Abundance of Isotopes, Mass Spectrometry, Analysis of a Compound, Empirical Formula, Combustion Analysis, Molecular Formula, Concept of Mole,…